Unbelievable True Stories: Miracle Movies That Will Amaze You

Films based on actual events often depict extraordinary occurrences, highlighting resilience, determination, and the human spirit. These narratives frequently center on moments of triumph against seemingly insurmountable odds. Examples include stories of overcoming personal struggles, achieving remarkable feats, or experiencing profound spiritual transformations. Such films often tap into shared human experiences, evoking a sense of inspiration and hope.

These cinematic portrayals of true stories hold a significant cultural role. They offer audiences a window into the past, highlighting pivotal moments in history or personal journeys. They can serve as educational tools, exposing viewers to diverse perspectives and experiences. Furthermore, films based on true events can inspire viewers to confront challenges with courage and hope, fostering empathy and understanding. Often, these films generate meaningful discussions around social, ethical, and personal issues, contributing to a richer cultural understanding.

This article will delve into various aspects of films based on true events, exploring their historical impact, diverse themes, and the storytelling techniques used to convey such extraordinary narratives. We will examine the ways these films engage audiences and the potential impact they have on shaping public discourse.

Miracle Movies Based on True Story

Films rooted in real events, often depicting extraordinary occurrences, offer unique insights into human resilience and extraordinary feats. These narratives frequently inspire audiences and explore profound themes.

• Real-life inspiration
• Emotional impact
• Historical context
• Character development
• Cultural relevance
• Moral themes
• Storytelling techniques
• Audience engagement

These aspects intertwine, shaping the cinematic experience. Real-life events, emotionally impactful, resonate with audiences, often presented within a historical context. Strong character development and relevant moral themes amplify the storytelling impact. Effective storytelling and audience engagement are vital for successful portrayals of these narratives. For instance, films like "The Miracle on 34th Street" inspire through their focus on the human spirit, while "Schindler's List" connects historical context with potent character development. These aspects collectively contribute to the enduring power and emotional impact of such films, transcending their narrative focus.

1. Real-life inspiration

The potency of films based on true events, often portraying miraculous or improbable occurrences, stems fundamentally from their connection to real-life inspiration. Authenticity in these narratives allows audiences to connect with extraordinary human experiences, fueling a profound sense of hope and resilience. These stories, rooted in actual events, offer a tangible link to the human capacity for triumph over adversity. Examples abound: "The Pianist," recounting Wadysaw Szpilman's survival during the Holocaust, draws power from the factual basis of his ordeal, sparking empathy and prompting reflection on human endurance. Similarly, "The King's Speech," depicting King George VI's struggle with stammering, resonates through the authenticity of its portrayal and the profound impact of overcoming personal obstacles.

The importance of real-life inspiration in such films cannot be overstated. This connection to verifiable events grounds the narrative, allowing audiences to emotionally engage with characters and their journeys. The emotional impact of these stories is often more profound when grounded in reality, triggering a broader range of human responses, from awe and wonder to reflection and empathy. Moreover, these films can illuminate historically significant moments or personal struggles, enabling a deeper understanding of the past and present. This understanding fosters a sense of shared human experience, prompting reflection on personal resilience and the enduring strength of the human spirit.

In conclusion, the connection between real-life inspiration and films based on true events, particularly those depicting miracles, is crucial. The authenticity inherent in these narratives significantly enhances their impact on audiences. The power of such films lies not just in their dramatic portrayal but in their ability to tap into and reflect universal human experiences, fostering a sense of hope and inspiring viewers to confront their own challenges with courage and determination.

2. Emotional Impact

The emotional impact of films based on true miracles is a crucial component, often driving their success and resonating deeply with audiences. These films frequently evoke strong feelings, ranging from awe and wonder to empathy and inspiration. The emotional response is intricately linked to the narrative's ability to portray genuine human experiences, vulnerabilities, and triumphs. The emotional core of the story, often arising from the compelling struggles and remarkable achievements depicted in true events, fosters a profound connection with viewers.

The power of these films hinges on the authenticity conveyed. Viewers are drawn into the characters' emotional journeys, experiencing their fears, hopes, and ultimately, their victories. For instance, "Schindler's List," based on Oskar Schindler's heroic efforts to save Jewish lives during the Holocaust, deeply moved audiences not solely through its historical account, but through the emotional portrayal of the human cost of genocide and the extraordinary acts of compassion. Similarly, "The Shawshank Redemption," based on Stephen King's novella, powerfully illustrates the enduring hope and resilience of individuals facing seemingly insurmountable odds. The film's emotional core, fueled by the authenticity of the story, elicits empathy and inspires viewers to confront their own challenges with determination. The emotional impact, therefore, transcends the narrative itself, encouraging profound introspection and fostering a stronger understanding of the human condition.

Understanding the significance of emotional impact in such films is critical. The ability to evoke strong emotional responses is a key element in their success, fostering not only entertainment but also meaningful engagement with the material. These films often spark important dialogues about human nature, resilience, and the capacity for extraordinary acts, promoting a greater appreciation for the human spirit. The lasting power of these films lies in their ability to resonate on a deep emotional level, motivating reflection and fostering a more profound connection to the themes portrayed. Furthermore, this emotional engagement often leads to a greater appreciation for the historical context and societal significance of the depicted events.

3. Historical Context

Historical context plays a crucial role in films based on true events, particularly those portraying miracles. Accurate portrayal of the time period, societal conditions, and prevailing beliefs is essential for conveying the full impact and significance of the depicted events. It grounds the narrative in reality, enabling a deeper understanding of the characters' motivations and the circumstances surrounding their actions. Understanding the historical backdrop adds layers of complexity to the miraculous elements, potentially making them more relatable and compelling.

• Accuracy and Authenticity
  

  Films striving for historical accuracy gain credibility and enhance the emotional impact. A precise depiction of the social, political, and cultural environment of the time allows viewers to comprehend the context behind the events. For example, a film portraying a wartime miracle needs to reflect the pervasive fear and suffering of that era for the audience to genuinely empathize with the story. By accurately representing the historical conditions, the film achieves a stronger emotional connection.

• Motivation and Perspective
  

  Historical context illuminates the motivations of characters and provides diverse perspectives. By situating events within their historical moment, films can explore the reasons behind actions, whether heroic or otherwise. Understanding the prevailing beliefs and societal structures of the time can deepen the audience's comprehension of characters' choices, making the story more realistic and resonant. For example, understanding the social stigmas surrounding a particular illness during a specific period can add nuance to a film portraying a miraculous recovery.

• Cultural Significance
  

  Placing events within their broader cultural context underscores their profound significance. Films can utilize historical elements to explain the cultural context, religious underpinnings, or social structures that shaped the environment. This contextualization makes the "miraculous" aspects more comprehensible within the societal norms of the time. For instance, a film portraying a religious miracle can be enriched by depicting the prevalence of that faith in the era.

• Impact on Narrative Structure
  

  Historical context impacts the structure and pacing of the narrative. The film's narrative, whether it emphasizes a specific era's prevailing struggles or its faith-based principles, shapes the audience's engagement with the story. This contextualization grounds the narrative and impacts how the events are perceived by the audience. For example, a historical drama based on a political revolution would be heavily reliant on the context to understand the causes, motivations, and consequences of the revolution.

Ultimately, understanding the historical context strengthens the impact of films based on true stories of miracles. It allows for a nuanced understanding of the events, the characters' motivations, and the broader societal forces at play. The accuracy and depth of historical portrayal significantly enhance the film's ability to resonate with audiences on a deeper level. By integrating the historical environment into the narrative, filmmakers provide a richer and more impactful cinematic experience.

4. Character Development

Character development is paramount in films based on true miracles. These narratives, rooted in real-life events, often depict individuals facing extraordinary challenges. The authenticity of these films hinges on convincingly portraying characters whose responses and actions reflect the complexities of the human spirit in extraordinary circumstances. Precise character portrayal is critical to achieving this.

• Resilience and Strength
  

  Films often highlight characters' resilience in the face of adversity. Authentic accounts of human endurance under pressure, whether physical, emotional, or spiritual, are vital. Examples include individuals who face persecution and maintain their faith, or those who persevere through unimaginable suffering. Films depicting these traits powerfully resonate with audiences, offering valuable insights into the human capacity for fortitude. Accurate portrayal of such strength, drawn from documented accounts, elevates the film's impact.

• Motivation and Choices
  

  Understanding the motivations behind characters' actions is key. Films based on true events provide valuable insight into how individuals react to momentous circumstances. For example, understanding the motivations behind acts of courage during war or the decisions that led to remarkable recoveries can create a compelling narrative. The choices characters make in response to extraordinary circumstances highlight the complexity of human behavior and provide a powerful avenue for exploring moral dilemmas. Authentic accounts offer the foundation for these explorations.

• Vulnerability and Humanity
  

  Portraying vulnerability alongside strength adds depth and realism. Characters in these films are not idealized figures; they are flawed individuals who experience genuine emotions. Their fallibility, their moments of doubt, and their struggles contribute to a more authentic representation of human experience. The depiction of vulnerability in the context of miracle stories grounds the extraordinary in the ordinary, allowing audiences to relate to the characters more deeply. By illustrating both strength and weakness, the films resonate on a more human level.

• Transformation and Growth
  

  Character development often involves transformation. The experiences portrayed in films based on true miracles often lead to profound changes in the characters. For instance, a character overcoming adversity can exemplify personal growth and a change in perspective. Films can illuminate the power of human potential to evolve through trials, showcasing the lasting impact of overcoming challenges and reaching new levels of strength, understanding, or faith. Character arc based on verifiable transformations amplifies the miracle's impact.

In conclusion, meticulous character development is essential for the success of films based on true miracles. Accurate portrayals of resilience, motivation, vulnerability, and transformation, grounded in real-life accounts, allow audiences to connect with the human drama unfolding. These films, through compelling character journeys, offer powerful reflections on the human spirit in extraordinary circumstances. The depth of the characters' experiences amplifies the emotional impact and enduring power of the narratives.

5. Cultural Relevance

Films based on true miracles often achieve widespread appeal due to their connection to fundamental cultural values and beliefs. These narratives frequently resonate because they tap into shared human experiences, inspiring hope, and reflecting societal values. The cultural impact extends beyond entertainment, influencing perceptions, sparking discussion, and potentially even shaping social norms.

• Reflection of Cultural Values
  

  Films frequently reflect prevailing cultural values and beliefs, whether religious, social, or otherwise. These reflections can range from highlighting faith and spirituality in religious-themed miracles to showcasing the strength and resilience of individuals within a specific culture. For example, narratives about overcoming adversity or achieving the seemingly impossible can embody a society's values related to perseverance or hope. A film about a community uniting to overcome a natural disaster might reflect a culture's emphasis on community support and cooperation.

• Social Commentary and Issues
  

  Films based on true events can serve as vehicles for social commentary. By depicting societal issues or historical moments, these films can foster dialogue and reflection. A film about a scientific breakthrough might discuss the role of innovation within society. This approach allows filmmakers to engage with complex issues, prompting deeper discussion and influencing perceptions through a compelling narrative, often linked to the miracle at its core. Such films might touch upon topics like social justice, community cohesion, or cultural identity.

• Cultural Identity and Heritage
  

  Films can also portray the essence of cultural identity or heritage. Narratives focusing on traditions, historical events, or significant cultural figures allow audiences to connect with a specific cultural heritage and potentially learn about it. For example, a film based on a religious leader's life might highlight the importance of their community and its customs, providing a cultural perspective. By incorporating elements of local customs, history, or mythology into the plot, the film reinforces the culture's distinct identity.

• Inspiring Hope and Resilience
  

  Often, these stories inspire hope and resilience. These narratives, particularly those concerning miracles, frequently celebrate the human spirit's ability to overcome adversity. This inherent message resonates with diverse cultures, offering a universal appeal. The inspiring aspects of the film can be culturally relevant to different groups, promoting a sense of shared human experience and inspiring viewers, regardless of their cultural background.

Ultimately, the cultural relevance of films based on true miracles lies in their ability to connect with audiences on multiple levels. Films that effectively weave together authentic stories with thoughtful exploration of cultural values, inspire hope and resilience, and reflect the spirit of the time can leave a lasting impact on society, encouraging dialogue and reflection. These elements, interwoven within the compelling narrative of a true miracle, can significantly enhance the film's enduring appeal and impact across diverse cultural contexts.

6. Moral Themes

Films based on true miracles often explore profound moral themes, examining human behavior in extraordinary circumstances. These narratives, rooted in real events, provide fertile ground for exploring complex questions about faith, courage, resilience, compassion, and the enduring power of the human spirit. The exploration of these themes is essential to understanding the impact and lasting appeal of these cinematic representations of true stories.

• Faith and Belief
  

  Films frequently examine the role of faith and belief in human life, particularly when faced with adversity. Stories of miraculous healing, overcoming insurmountable odds, or experiencing divine intervention frequently highlight the strength found in adherence to one's faith. Such depictions can inspire viewers to consider their own beliefs and the role they play in navigating life's challenges. For example, films about religious figures or those facing persecution often emphasize the strength derived from unwavering faith.

• Courage and Perseverance
  

  These narratives often center on characters who demonstrate remarkable courage and perseverance in the face of seemingly insurmountable obstacles. The portrayal of such qualities serves as an inspiration for viewers, emphasizing the power of human resolve and determination. Films based on true accounts of survival, resistance, or acts of extraordinary bravery highlight the ability to confront difficult situations with fortitude.

• Compassion and Empathy
  

  Many stories of miracles involve acts of extraordinary compassion and empathy. The actions of individuals who demonstrate kindness and selflessness often serve as profound examples for viewers. These themes promote reflection on the importance of human connection and the impact of compassion in overcoming challenges. Depictions of selfless acts, whether during times of war, natural disaster, or personal tragedy, resonate with audiences on an emotional level and inspire positive action.

• Sacrifice and Selflessness
  

  The stories frequently feature individuals who make significant sacrifices for the benefit of others or in pursuit of a greater good. These acts of selflessness highlight the importance of altruism and the profound impact of human connection. The depiction of these sacrifices, rooted in factual accounts, offers viewers insights into the moral dimensions of human behavior and the potential for extraordinary acts of kindness and service.

Ultimately, the moral themes embedded within films based on true miracles transcend entertainment. They offer opportunities for viewers to reflect on fundamental human values, gain insights into different perspectives, and consider the enduring power of the human spirit in extraordinary circumstances. These films, through their exploration of moral themes, promote critical thinking and meaningful engagement with the human experience.

7. Storytelling Techniques

Effective storytelling is paramount in films based on true miracles. The chosen techniques significantly shape how audiences perceive and interpret the extraordinary events depicted. These methods must seamlessly blend authenticity with compelling narrative structures to ensure the emotional impact and resonance of the story. The techniques used in these films influence the viewer's understanding and appreciation of the events, enhancing the profound experience.

• Narrative Structure and Pacing
  

  The structure and pacing employed in these films are crucial to conveying the impact of the miraculous event. A well-structured narrative often begins by establishing the context of the historical event or individual struggle. This foundation sets the stage for the unfolding of the miracle. The pacing then guides the viewer through the escalating tension leading to the pivotal moment. The narrative should maintain a level of tension, allowing the extraordinary event to resonate more profoundly. Careful pacing can heighten the emotional effect and leave a lasting impact. For instance, slow-building tension in "The Pianist" creates a profound response to the character's survival during the Holocaust.

• Character Development and Emotional Arc
  

  The portrayal of the characters involved in the true event is vital. Portraying their motivations, vulnerabilities, and transformations adds depth and emotional resonance. Authentic portrayals of the human response to extraordinary circumstances, both during the struggles and in the moments of triumph or miracle, are essential. These elements create a connection between the audience and the characters, heightening the impact of the story's emotional arc. The film "Schindler's List" masterfully employs this technique, highlighting the humanity and struggles of Oskar Schindler in the context of saving Jews during the Holocaust.

• Visual Storytelling and Cinematography
  

  Visual elements, including cinematography, mise-en-scne, and editing, are powerful tools. They contribute to the authenticity and emotional depth of the film. Images and scenes must effectively convey the atmosphere and emotions of the historical period or the specific event depicted. Visual storytelling can highlight the historical context, reinforcing the realism of the events. For example, the stark visuals and cinematography in "The King's Speech" effectively illustrate the emotional weight of King George VI's stammering issue. The use of light, shadow, and camera angles can evoke specific emotions and underscore the remarkable nature of the event.

• Use of Sound and Music
  

  Sound design and music play a significant role. Music and sound effects can enhance the emotional impact of the narrative, helping to create atmosphere and reflect the cultural context. Music and sound contribute to the creation of a particular mood, underscoring the weight of events and enhancing the emotional response. The use of specific historical music in "Saving Private Ryan" effectively evokes the emotional impact of the war on soldiers.

These storytelling techniques, when applied effectively, create a powerful cinematic experience that successfully integrates the extraordinary nature of the miracle with the authenticity of the underlying true story. By intertwining these elements, filmmakers can elevate the narrative, enhancing emotional engagement and leaving a lasting impact on viewers. The successful application of these techniques adds to the film's power to inspire hope, evoke empathy, and prompt reflection on profound human experiences.

8. Audience Engagement

Audience engagement in films based on true miracles hinges on the narrative's ability to connect with viewers on an emotional and intellectual level. The authenticity of the underlying story, combined with compelling storytelling techniques, significantly influences engagement. Viewer response is often shaped by the film's portrayal of human resilience, courage, and the capacity for the extraordinary. Effective engagement fosters a deeper understanding and appreciation of the historical context and moral themes embedded within the narrative. Real-life examples demonstrate how well-crafted narratives can ignite discussions, stimulate reflection, and leave a lasting impact.

The importance of audience engagement extends beyond simple entertainment value. Successful engagement facilitates a deeper connection with the characters, enabling viewers to empathize with their struggles and triumphs. This empathetic response can lead to a more profound understanding of historical events, fostering a greater appreciation for human resilience. Films like "Schindler's List" and "The Pianist," for instance, achieved widespread acclaim not only for their historical accuracy but also for their ability to deeply engage viewers with the human cost of war and the strength of the human spirit. Such engagement transcends mere entertainment, prompting reflection and stimulating dialogue about crucial societal issues. Understanding how films achieve this engagement offers valuable insights into the powerful influence of storytelling. Critically, engagement also extends beyond the immediate cinematic experience, potentially encouraging viewers to seek out further information, engage in discussions, or even alter perspectives on social and historical events.

Successful audience engagement in films based on true miracles is crucial for their lasting impact and cultural resonance. This engagement necessitates a meticulous blend of accurate historical context, compelling storytelling, and emotionally resonant character portrayals. By recognizing and understanding this link, filmmakers and content creators can develop narratives that not only entertain but also foster meaningful connections with audiences, inspiring reflection, and prompting a deeper understanding of human experience and societal challenges. Furthermore, an analysis of audience engagement provides practical insights for crafting effective narratives, which can be applied across various media forms.

Frequently Asked Questions about Miracle Movies Based on True Stories

This section addresses common inquiries concerning films based on true stories that depict miraculous events. The following questions and answers aim to provide clear and concise information.

Question 1: What distinguishes films based on true miracles from fictionalized accounts?

Answer 1: Films based on true events utilize verifiable accounts and historical records. This authenticity is often a key element, offering audiences a connection to reality. Conversely, fictionalized accounts, while potentially inspiring, create narratives based on imagination, not documented fact. The critical difference lies in the source materialfactual accounts versus creative license.

Question 2: How do these films contribute to historical understanding?

Answer 2: These films can provide a nuanced perspective on historical events, offering a human element frequently absent in purely academic accounts. They can bring individuals and struggles within a specific era to life, fostering a deeper understanding of the past. However, viewers must approach these films with critical awareness, recognizing their limitations as narrative interpretations of complex historical events.

Question 3: Are these films purely inspirational, or do they raise ethical questions?

Answer 3: While inspirational, many of these films also explore complex moral dilemmas and ethical considerations. Portrayals of difficult choices, struggles, and sacrifices can prompt viewers to confront these issues and potentially spark important societal conversations. These narratives, while aiming to inspire, can also raise profound ethical questions.

Question 4: How do filmmakers balance accuracy and storytelling in true-event films?

Answer 4: Balancing accuracy and compelling storytelling is a challenge. Filmmakers must research thoroughly and utilize historical records while crafting an engaging narrative. Often, artistic license is employed in specific scenes or characterizations to heighten the impact of the story, while maintaining general historical accuracy.

Question 5: Can these films be educational tools?

Answer 5: Yes, films based on true miracles can be powerful educational tools. They present historical events and human resilience in a compelling manner, potentially prompting further research and discussion about the events or individuals depicted. However, films should be viewed as one piece of the puzzle, not a comprehensive history lesson.

Question 6: What is the significance of historical context in these films?

Answer 6: Historical context is essential. Understanding the social, political, and cultural environment of the time period is crucial to comprehending the characters' motivations, decisions, and the broader significance of the events. Accurate depiction of the historical setting provides depth and meaning to the miraculous elements of the narrative.

In summary, films based on true miracles provide a unique blend of inspiration and critical reflection. Their portrayal of events can spark conversations, challenge perspectives, and provide a glimpse into the human spirit's capacity for overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles. They are also a testament to the power of storytelling in capturing historical moments and human resilience.

The next section will delve deeper into the specific themes and techniques employed in crafting these narratives.

Tips for Crafting Miracle Movies Based on True Stories

Crafting compelling narratives from true miracles necessitates careful consideration of various factors. These tips offer a structured approach, focusing on authenticity, emotional resonance, and effective storytelling techniques.

Tip 1: Prioritize Historical Accuracy. Verifiable historical context is paramount. Thorough research into the specific period, social structures, and cultural norms is essential. Inaccurate portrayals diminish credibility and detract from the intended impact. Employing primary source materials, consulting historical experts, and meticulously researching the environment of the time enhances authenticity. Examples include using appropriate costumes, locations, and language of the era. This approach fosters a sense of realism, bolstering the story's impact.

Tip 2: Develop Compelling Characters. Focus on realistic portrayals of individuals facing extraordinary circumstances. Understanding the characters' motivations, vulnerabilities, and internal struggles adds depth and relatable qualities. These characters must exhibit resilience and courage in response to historical pressures and personal challenges. This creates a deep connection with the audience, allowing for greater emotional engagement.

Tip 3: Employ Effective Storytelling Techniques. Narrative structure and pacing are crucial to maintaining audience interest. A well-structured narrative gradually builds tension and suspense, culminating in the miraculous event. Pacing and rhythm influence the emotional impact. Emphasizing the characters' journey and the escalating challenges leading to the miraculous outcome can heighten dramatic effect.

Tip 4: Highlight Moral and Cultural Themes. Exploration of relevant moral themes, such as faith, hope, courage, or compassion, offers a framework for understanding the event's significance. Considering the cultural context surrounding the event can add depth to the narrative, enriching the storytelling experience. This approach resonates with a broader audience, facilitating a deeper understanding of the historical period and the characters' motivations.

Tip 5: Balance Authenticity with Cinematic Storytelling. Maintain historical accuracy while utilizing cinematic techniques to enhance the narrative. Visually compelling images, impactful sound design, and emotionally resonant music can amplify the impact of the miracle story. A delicate balance is required to uphold authenticity while employing artistic license for dramatic effect.

Tip 6: Engage the Audience Emotionally. Focus on evoking a strong emotional response in viewers. Authentic portrayals of human struggle, triumph, and the miraculous can create a profound connection with the audience. The ability to elicit diverse emotionshope, resilience, empathycontributes to the lasting impact of the narrative. Emotional resonance enhances the film's ability to touch viewers on a deeper level.

Adhering to these tips allows for the creation of films that are both historically accurate and emotionally impactful, offering viewers a meaningful and engaging experience.

Effective execution of these principles creates powerful narratives, potentially influencing social discourse, inspiring reflection, and leaving a lasting impact on audiences.

Conclusion

This exploration of films based on true miracles reveals a multifaceted phenomenon. These narratives, rooted in verifiable events, offer a potent blend of historical context, emotional resonance, and compelling storytelling. The effective utilization of historical accuracy, meticulous character development, and appropriate narrative techniques significantly enhances the impact of such films. A crucial element is the ability of these films to connect with audiences on an emotional level, sparking empathy and reflection. The successful incorporation of moral themes, often tied to societal values and cultural norms, amplifies the film's capacity to leave a lasting impact. While films can inspire and uplift, they can also provoke critical examination of historical events, challenging perceptions and prompting dialogue regarding human resilience and the extraordinary.

The enduring appeal of miracle movies based on true stories underscores the power of human narrative to transcend time and culture. These cinematic representations, when skillfully crafted, provide a powerful vehicle for understanding complex historical events and exploring fundamental human experiences. Further analysis of these films can illuminate the intricate relationship between verifiable history, compelling storytelling, and the emotional impact of narratives on audiences. The significance lies not only in entertainment but also in the potential to educate, inspire, and ultimately, foster a deeper understanding of the human condition. Critical engagement with such films is encouraged, acknowledging both their limitations and potential for enriching human discourse and empathy.